The impacts of climate change on health, wellbeing and livelihoods are already being felt. It is thus reasonable to assume that climate change can influence demographic processes, through influencing fertility, mortality and migration, the three key demographic outcomes driving population change. However, until now, global population projections have not considered the possible effects of climate change on population trends. The EU-funded POPCLIMA project will comprehensively address this research gap by studying how climate change influences demographic outcomes as well as identifying the mechanisms, examining the differential impacts on subgroups of populations, and forecasting future population dynamics under climate change. Results will help the scientific community build more realistic scenarios about population trends under the rapid pace of climate change.